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The Safety of Lithium Batteries
2022-03-10
Lithium-ion batteries are prone to trigger dangerous side reactions inside the battery under overcharging, rapid charge/discharge, short circuit, mechanical abuse and high temperature thermal shock, which can easily produce generate a lot of heat and destroy the negative and positive surfaces of the passivation film.
When the battery temperature rises to 130°C, the SEI film on the negative surface decomposes, resulting in a strong redox reaction when the highly active lithium carbon anode is exposed to the electrolyte. When the internal local temperature of the battery rises above 200°C, the passivation film on the surface of the positive electrode decomposes the positive electrode, generating precipitation of oxygen, and continues to react violently with the electrolyte, generating a large amount of heat and forming a high internal pressure. When the temperature of the battery exceeds 240℃, a violent exothermic reaction will also occur between the lithium carbon anode and the binder.
How to assess the safety of lithium batteries
One way is to use relevant instruments. The assessment instrument calorimeter is the most important instrument in lithium battery safety research. The most commonly used calorimeter is the Accelerated Calorimeter (ARC). ARC is a new type of thermal analysis instrument recommended by the United Nations for hazardous materials assessment, providing time-temperature-pressure data for chemical reactions under adiabatic conditions. ARC design, based on the adiabatic principle, can be used to measure the initial temperature of the decomposition of the specimen and the temperature and pressure over time during the adiabatic process accurately using the large weight of the specimen, high sensitivity, and thermal decomposition change curve, especially for travel in the scanning calorimetry and can not give the material differential thermal analysis and other methods of thermal decomposition pressure slowly changing process.
ARC safety evaluation method
ARC provides a near-adiabatic environment by precise temperature tracking, avoiding heat exchange between the sample and the environment, mainly to test and analyze the exothermic behavior of the sample under test. In addition to thermal runaway testing, ARC can be used in combination with DC constant current sources and charge/discharge equipment to test the specific heat capacity of the battery and the adiabatic temperature rise during charge/discharge. The temperature of a lithium battery has a significant impact on the safety of the battery. Importantly, temperature has a great impact on the internal chemistry of Li-ion batteries. Excessive temperature can even damage the service life of Li-ion batteries and, in severe cases, can lead to Li-ion battery safety problems.
When the battery temperature rises to 130°C, the SEI film on the negative surface decomposes, resulting in a strong redox reaction when the highly active lithium carbon anode is exposed to the electrolyte. When the internal local temperature of the battery rises above 200°C, the passivation film on the surface of the positive electrode decomposes the positive electrode, generating precipitation of oxygen, and continues to react violently with the electrolyte, generating a large amount of heat and forming a high internal pressure. When the temperature of the battery exceeds 240℃, a violent exothermic reaction will also occur between the lithium carbon anode and the binder.
How to assess the safety of lithium batteries
One way is to use relevant instruments. The assessment instrument calorimeter is the most important instrument in lithium battery safety research. The most commonly used calorimeter is the Accelerated Calorimeter (ARC). ARC is a new type of thermal analysis instrument recommended by the United Nations for hazardous materials assessment, providing time-temperature-pressure data for chemical reactions under adiabatic conditions. ARC design, based on the adiabatic principle, can be used to measure the initial temperature of the decomposition of the specimen and the temperature and pressure over time during the adiabatic process accurately using the large weight of the specimen, high sensitivity, and thermal decomposition change curve, especially for travel in the scanning calorimetry and can not give the material differential thermal analysis and other methods of thermal decomposition pressure slowly changing process.
ARC safety evaluation method
ARC provides a near-adiabatic environment by precise temperature tracking, avoiding heat exchange between the sample and the environment, mainly to test and analyze the exothermic behavior of the sample under test. In addition to thermal runaway testing, ARC can be used in combination with DC constant current sources and charge/discharge equipment to test the specific heat capacity of the battery and the adiabatic temperature rise during charge/discharge. The temperature of a lithium battery has a significant impact on the safety of the battery. Importantly, temperature has a great impact on the internal chemistry of Li-ion batteries. Excessive temperature can even damage the service life of Li-ion batteries and, in severe cases, can lead to Li-ion battery safety problems.
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